Quizlet which framework focuses on prevention of health problems within a community?

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Environment
-Physical: geography, water/food supply, presence of reservoirs/vectors
-Social: access to health care, high-risk working conditions, poverty

Agent
-Chemical: drugs, toxins
-Physical: noise, temperature
-Infectious: viruses, bacteria

Host
-susceptible (age, gender, genetics, ethnicity, immunological status, physiological status, occupation)

Host: Mrs. Ochs
Environment: geography of farm, lack of access to hygiene, fresh water for farm
Agent: cyclospora agent on cilantro (fomite)

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b. focus on aggregates, communities, and populations

rationale: Focus on aggregates, communities, and populations must serve as the entire backdrop for community health nursing. Dedicated, well-trained registered nurses are needed, but the focus must be on aggregates, communities, and populations. Community health nursing views the client or patient as the aggregate, community, or population. Even if families are viewed as individuals receiving care, societal health may not improve. Community health nurses must think broader than the family unit.

c. create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
d. achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all age groups
e. promote quality of life, health development, and health behavior across all life stages
f. attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death

The four overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 are (1) to create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; (2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all age groups; (3) promote quality of life, health development, and health behavior across all life stages; and (4) attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Measuring the impact of prevention activities and encouraging collaborations across communities and sectors are ways that Healthy People establishes benchmarks and monitors progress, but are not overarching goals.

c. windshield survey

Community health nurses often perform a community windshield survey by driving or walking through an area and making organized observations. Fact finding is a general term for gathering information. The nurse can gain an understanding of the environmental layout, including geographic features and the location of agencies, services, businesses, and industries, and can locate possible areas of environmental concern through "sight, sense, and sound." The windshield survey offers the nurse an opportunity to observe people and their role in the community. Vital statistics are based on the official registration records of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and adoptions. The nurse can establish certain hunches or hypotheses about the community's health, strengths, and potential health problems by walking through the area and observing it, called shoe leather epidemiology.

d. national health interview survey

The best source of data on emerging health problems in the United States is the National Health Interview Survey, compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The NCHS publishes reports on the prevalence of disability, illness, and other health-related variables. Specifically, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is the world's largest telephone survey of U.S. citizens' health behaviors and risk factors. It tracks trends by nation, state, and year, with the goal of identifying emerging health problems. The census provides population information for specific geographic locations. The official registration records of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and adoptions form the basis of data in vital statistics. Community forums gather opinions about specific questions directly from community members.

a. male
c. non-hispanic
d. HIV diagnosis
f. minimum wage worker

When using the person-place-time model in epidemiology, "person" factors include demographics (age, race, socioeconomic status, etc.), health status (good, poor, etc.), and disease (HIV, autoimmune disorders, etc.). Spot maps are used when investigating trends in location or places. "Beach vacationers" would be a factor used to study trends in time or place. Timing would be used for seasonal studies and place would be important in geographical studies.

a. specificity
b. biological plausibility
d. strength of association

When establishing causality, there are six criteria that should be investigated to establish cause-and-effect relationship: specificity, biological plausibility, strength of association, dose-response relationship, temporally correct relationship, and consistency with other studies. Primary intervention is a goal of epidemiology to reduce or increase disease rates. Dose-response relationship, not dose-exposure, is used to establish causality. Consistency, not variability, is used when establishing causality.

Which framework focuses on prevention of health problems within the community?

The Social Ecological Model of Health Both the community engagement approach and the social ecological model recognize the complex role played by context in the development of health problems as well as in the success or failure of attempts to address these problems.

What is the primary focus of community health?

The primary goal of community health nursing is to help a community protect and preserve the health of its members, while the secondary goal is to promote self-care among individuals and families.

Which theory specifically uses a microscopic approach to community health problems?

Which theory specifically uses a microscopic approach to community health problems? The Health Belief Model specifically uses a microscopic approach to community health problems. Critical interactionism brings two theories together using an upstream and downstream approach.

Which activity by the community nurse is an illness prevention strategy quizlet?

Which activity by the community nurse can be considered an illness prevention strategy? An illness prevention program protects people from actual or potential threats to health. A chickenpox immunization program is an illness prevention program.