Cách tách top overlay và bottom layer altium năm 2024

Altium là một trong những phần mềm thiết kế mạch nổi tiếng nhất thế giới hiện nay. Khi đặt gia công mạch in, việc cần thiết là phải xuất từ file layout ra file gerber, bảng sau giúp thiết kế hiểu rõ hơn về các file cần thiết cho gia công trước khi gửi tới nhà máy.

Đuôi GERBER xuất bởi ALTIUM/PROTEL

MÔ TẢ (EN)

TÊN KHÁC

FAB layer type (quy định tên theo phần mềm FAB3000)

MÔ TẢ (VI)

G1, G2, etc.

Mid-layer 1, 2, etc.

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Lớp ở giữa, là lớp hàn gắn các layer vào với nhau, như là 1 lớp chất dính. Nhiều lúc người thiết kế dùng lớp này làm lớp đồng ở giữa để đi dây

GBL

Bottom Layer

bottom copper

Bottom

Lớp đồng đi dây mặt dưới

GBO

Bottom Overlay

Bottom Silkscreen

Silk bottom

Lớp này để in chú thích lên bề mặt ví dụ như chữ, hình ảnh

GBP

Bottom Paste Mask

Paste bottom

là lớp đồng sẽ lộ ra bề mặt ngoài để hàn linh kiện vào. Thường là chân linh kiện. Thường gọi là chỗ mạ thiếc mã vàng. Có thể có hoặc không, vì bản thân lớp GBL đã thể hiện rồi. Chỉ cần lớp GBS phủ lên đấy thì sẽ vẫn tạo nên PAD hàn bình thường

GBS

Bottom Solder Mask

Mask bottom

Lớp này dùng để bỏ qua việc phủ xanh (phủ polyme cách điện cho diện tích nào đó được tạo bởi lớp này). Thường có trên các Pad chân linh kiện

GDD,GD1, GD2, etc.

Drill Drawing

Fab Drawing

file vị trí lỗ khoan dạng hình ảnh, trong đó GD1 là lỗ khoan từ layer TOP đến MID1, GD2 là lỗ khoan từ MID1 sang MID2 ... Cứ như vậy cho đến layer BOTTOM

GG1, GG2, etc.

Drill Guide

Fab Drawing

file hướng dẫn khoan (dịch nôm na như vậy, các file GG1, GG2 cũng là chỉ chiều hướng của các lỗ từ layer này sang layer khác theo chiều từ TOP đến BOTTOM). Thực chất file này bình thường cũng thể hiện như các file GD1,GD2

GKO

Keep Out Layer

Border

file này dùng để định hình đường vẽ mà máy sẽ cắt thủng theo đường đấy để loại bỏ phần nào đó của mạch hoặc tạo đường biên mạch

GM1, GM2, etc.

Mechanical Layer 1, 2, etc.

Mechanical Drawing

Lớp vẽ thể hiện hình dạng của linh kiện gắn trên mạch

GP1, GP2, etc.

Internal Plane Layer 1, 2, etc.

Internal plane

Lớp đi dây điện ở giữa, trong trường hợp mạch có hơn 2 layer đi dây

GPB

Pad Master Bottom

GPT

Pad Master Top

GTL

Top Layer

top copper

Top

Lớp dây đồng đi trên mạch, mặt trên cùng

GTO

Top Overlay

top Silkscreen

Silk Top

lớp chú thích in lên bề mặt mạch ví dụ: chữ, hình ảnh...

GTP

Top Paste Mask

Paste top

Lớp mạ thiếc, lớp lộ ra để hàn linh kiện, nhưng không thực sự quan trọng. Vì chỉ cần lớp Top Solder Mask là đủ.

PCB Editor object properties are definable options that specify the visual style, content and behavior of the placed object. The property settings for each type of object are defined in two different ways:

• Pre-placement settings – most Component object properties, or those that can logically be pre-defined, are available as editable default settings on the PCB Editor - Defaults page of the Preferences dialog (accessed from the
  button at the top-right of the workspace). Select the object in the Primitive List to reveal its options on the right.
• Post-placement settings – all Component object properties are available for editing in the Properties panel when a placed Component is selected in the workspace.

The Component default settings in the Preferences dialog and the Component mode of the Properties panel

In the below properties listing, options that are not available as default settings in the Preferences dialog are noted as "Properties panel only".

General Tab

Location (Properties panel only)

The

icon to the right of this region must be displayed as (unlocked) in order to access the below fields. Toggle the lock/unlock icon to change its lock status.

• (X/Y)
  • X (first field) - the current X (horizontal) coordinate of the reference point of the component, relative to the current workspace origin. Edit to change the X position of the component. The value can be entered in either metric or imperial; include the units when entering a value whose units are not the current default. The reference point for a component footprint is set in the Library Editor.
  • Y (second field) - The current Y (vertical) coordinate of the reference point of the component, relative to the current origin. Edit to change the Y position of the component. The value can be entered in either metric or imperial; include the units when entering a value whose units are not the current default. The reference point for a component footprint is set in the Library Editor.
• Rotation - the component's angle of rotation (in degrees), measured counterclockwise from zero (the 3 o'clock horizontal). Edit to change the rotation of the component. Minimum angular resolution is 0.001°.

Properties

• ​​Layer - sets the layer on which the component is placed. Components can be assigned to the Top layer or Bottom layer. Use the drop-down to select a different layer. Changing the layer status swaps all of the component primitives to each layer's respective opposite layer. For example, moving a Top layer component to the Bottom layer means: single layer pages are swapped from the Top to the Bottom layer; primitives on the Top Overlay are reassigned to the Bottom Overlay; and primitives on a paired mechanical layer are swapped to the other mechanical layer in that pair. The orientation of the component will be flipped along the X-axis and the component overlay text will read from the bottom.
• Designator (Properties panel only) - the designator of the component is an alphanumeric string of up to 255 characters. Each component must have a unique Designator string. Toggle
  or
  to show/hide the designator.
• Comment (Properties panel only) - the comment of the component is an alphanumeric string of up to 255 characters. Toggle
  or
  to show/hide the comment.
• Description - enter the desired description.
• Type - select one of the following component types for the component footprint here. The available types are:
  • Standard - these components possess standard electrical properties, are always synchronized between the schematic and PCB (the footprint, pins/pads and net assignments must all match), and are included in the BOM. An example is a standard electrical component, such as a resistor.
  • Mechanical - these components do not have electrical properties, are not synchronized (you must manually place them in both editors), and are included in the BOM. An example is a heatsink.
  • Graphical - these components do not have electrical properties, are not synchronized (you must manually place them in both editors), and are not included in the BOM. An example is a company logo.
  • Net Tie (in BOM) - these components are used to short two or more different nets together. They are always synchronized between the schematic and PCB (the footprint, pins/pads and net assignments must all match), and are included in the BOM. They differ from a Standard component in that connectivity created by copper within the footprint is not checked - it is this copper that allows the nets to be shorted. Note: enable the Verify Shorting Copper option in the Design Rule Checker dialog to verify that there is no unconnected copper within the component.
  • Net Tie - these components are used to short two or more different nets together. They are always synchronized between the schematic and PCB (the footprint, pins/pads and net assignments must all match), and are not included in the BOM. They differ from a Standard component in that connectivity created by copper within the footprint is not checked - it is this copper that allows the nets to be shorted. Note: enable the Verify Shorting Copper option in the Design Rule Checker dialog to verify that there is no unconnected copper in the component.
  • Standard (No BOM) - these components possess standard electrical properties, are always synchronized between the schematic and PCB (the footprint, pins/pads and net assignments must all match), and are not included in the BOM. An example is a testpoint component that you wish to exclude from the BOM.
  • Jumper - these components are used to include wire links in a PCB design, for example, on a single-sided PCB that cannot be fully routed on one layer. For this component type, the component footprint and pins are synchronized between the schematic and PCB but the net assignments are not, and the component is included in the BOM. As well as selecting this option at the component level, both of the pads in the component must have their JumperID set to the same non-zero value. Jumper type components do not need to be wired on the schematic; they only need to be included on the schematic if they are required in the BOM. If they are not required in the BOM, they can be placed directly in the PCB where the Component Type is set, the JumperIDs are set, and the Nets manually assigned for the pads.
• Design Item ID (Properties panel only) - displays the Design Item ID for the selected component. This field is not editable.
• Source (Properties panel only) - displays the source document of the component. Click
  to open a dialog to browse and select a different source document.
• Height - a height field for the component, this field was used before the introduction of the 3D Body object, which provides a superior method of defining the component height.
• 3D Body Opacity - enter the desired opacity percentage or use the slider bar.
• Primitives - click the associated lock icon to lock/unlock.
  - lock all the primitives of the component so that it can be treated as a single object.
  - unlock to modify the individual primitives that make up the component. After editing, the component primitives should be re-locked. Note: Component pad properties can be modified without unlocking the primitives by double-clicking directly on the pad.
• Strings - click the associated lock icon to lock/unlock.
  - lock all the strings of the component.
  ​ - unlock to modify the strings of the component.

Footprint (Properties panel only)

• Footprint Name - displays the name of the footprint. Click
  to open a dialog to browse and select a different library.
• Library - displays the library from which the footprint is sourced. This field is not editable.
• Description - displays the description. This field is not editable.

Swapping Options

• Enable Pin Swapping - check to allow the pin swapping function.
• Enable Part Swapping - check to allow the part swapping function (e.g., four parts of a 74 series IC).

Schematic Reference Information (Properties panel only)

Schematic reference information is transferred from the schematic to the PCB editor when the design is initially transferred. To refresh this data at a later stage, click the Perform Update button in the Edit Component Links dialog.