How does the difference between girls and boys impact schooling?
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The reason children go to school is for them to get a proper education. However, girls and boys learn in very different ways and this can affect the level of education they receive. It is often said that boys need to get more attention from their peers and teachers, while girls are more conscious, and they require less attention. In co-educational schools, boys and girls tend to mix for physical education. This can put girls at a disadvantage as boys tend to be naturally broader and physically stronger than their female counterparts. Show Levels of Attention Boys are often expected to be louder and boisterous than girls, and this can lead to girls being overlooked in the classroom or time being wasted on quietening down the class. It is possible that if girls in a co-educational class feel dominated or like they are less likely to be heard if they stay quiet. In turn, this may cause that to feel that the only way to receive extra help or contribute is to change their personality. In a single sex school, the classroom environment tends to be more open, encouraging all pupils to voice their opinions, regardless of whether they are naturally quiet or vocal. Stereotypically, science and maths are subjects that tend to be more associated with men and this may discourage girls from engaging in these subjects. In an all-girls school, girls are actively encouraged to contribute in lessons across the curriculum, without fear of judgment or being overruled. They can be creative and assertive, expressing themselves confidently with no need to feel self-conscious. This way, they gain the ability to voice their opinions and critique one another without fearing their peers may react negatively. While boys are often more willing to test boundaries and speak out even if they don’t know an answer, girls may feel that it is better not to contribute to class out of fear of being laughed at or the teacher correcting them in front of the class. Often those who speak up gain respect from teachers for getting involved, regardless of their academic prowess. This can lead to a lower level of engagement from female class members, who may need more encouragement to feel part of discussions. It is certainly worth noting there can be considerable differences in girls’ and boys’ learning in boys-only schools, girls-only schools, and co-ed schools. Though some teachers might not notice this often, they tend to respond to the pupils that contribute the most and this tends to be – although not always – male members of the class. If more attention is given to males, it is possible that girls are likely to progress slower. In considering a prep school, ensure that you are aware of the potential advantages and disadvantages of single-sex and co-educational schools. Which one will work best for your child in the long run? It is important that the classroom allows your child the freedom to express themselves, and it is often the peers around them that can influence their level of interaction, which over time can affect their academic ability. Introduction The question of how gender differences arise is a central topic in psychology. Experts agree that nature (i.e., biology) and nurture (i.e., environment) act together in reciprocally causal, interactive ways to produce gender differences.1 The experiences afforded to girls and boys within schools are known to affect gender differentiation both directly, by providing differential skill practice and reinforcement,2 and indirectly, by providing input that leads children to actively socialize themselves along gender-differentiated pathways.3 Subject Schools are major contexts for gender socialization, in part because children spend large amounts of time engaged with peers in such settings.4 For nearly all psychological traits on which young boys and girls differ (e.g., reading ability, play preferences), the distribution of the two groups is overlapping. Schools can magnify or diminish gender differences by providing environments that promote within-gender similarity and between-gender differences, or the inverse (within-gender variability and between group similarity). Problems Schools’ affect gender differentiation via two primary sources: teachers and peers. Teachers and peers directly influence gender differentiation by providing boys and girls with different learning opportunities and feedback. Teachers and peers are also sources of learning about gender. Teachers present curricular materials that contain gender stereotypic behaviour, and peers exhibit gender stereotypic attitudes and behaviour. Children internalize gender stereotypes and prejudices, which in turn guide their own preferences and behaviours.1 Research Context Psychologists have documented the ways in which schooling contributes to gender differences via (a) interviews with school staff and students, (b) naturalistic observations of teachers and students, and (c) experimental studies of classroom conditions. Observational studies allow researchers to examine gender differences, attitudes, and behaviours across a range of school types. Experimental studies allow for the identification of school-related causes of gender differences. Key Research Questions and Recent Research Results How do teachers contribute to gender differences? Many educators endorse cultural gender stereotypes (e.g., math is easier for boys than girls) and prejudices (show preferences for same-gender individuals).5 These biases can be explicit (e.g., consciously endorsed) or implicit (unconsciously held), and they influence teachers’ classroom behaviours. Teachers’ gender stereotypes and prejudices shape their classroom behaviour in at least three ways. First, teachers often model gender stereotypic behaviour. Female teachers, for example, often exhibit “math phobic” behaviours.6 Second, teachers often exhibit differential expectations for males and females (e.g., creating “dress-up” and “construction” centers and accepting—even facilitating—gender-differentiated use).7 Third, teachers facilitate children’s gender biases by marking gender as important by using it to label and organize students.8 In one study, teachers were asked to use gender to label children and to organize classroom activities by, for example, greeting children with “Good morning, boys and girls” and asking children to line up by gender. Other teachers ignored students’ gender. Young children whose teachers labeled and used gender showed higher levels of gender stereotyping than their peers.9 Preschool teachers’ labeling and use of gender increases their pupils’ gender stereotyping and avoidance of cross-gender playmates.10 How do peers contribute to gender differences? Like teachers, peers contribute to the socialization of gender difference via multiple pathways. Upon entering school, children encounter large numbers of peers, many of whom model traditional gender behaviour, producing and reinforcing the content of gender stereotypes. In addition, schools are characterized by gender segregation. When many peers are available, children tend to select same-sex playmates.11 Children’s gender segregation, in turn, affects their play experiences, leading them to spend more time in stereotypic play.12 Furthermore, gender segregation predicts children’s future conformity to gender stereotypes. After observing preschoolers for six months, researchers found that, as the amount of time that children played with same-sex peers increased, children’s own behaviour became more gender stereotypic.11 Peers also contribute to gender differentiation by teaching their classmates stereotypes (e.g., “Short hair is for boys not girls”) and punishing them for failing to conform to stereotypes via verbal harassment and physical aggression.7 Importantly, intervention programs can teach young children to recognize and challenge their peers’ sexist remarks (e.g., “You can’t say girls can’t play!”).13 Research Gaps Many of the socialization processes that lead to gender differentiated outcomes, including gender segregation, are not well understood. In addition, more work is needed to identify effective means to prevent and minimize gender biased attitudes and behaviour. Future research is also needed to document the experiences of children who do not conform to traditional gender roles (e.g., children with same-sex parents or who are transgendered). Conclusions Schools are important contexts for the socialization of young children’s gender attitudes and behaviour. Teachers and classmates shape children’s gender attitudes and, in turn, gender differences in cognition and behaviour. Unfortunately, teachers receive relatively little training in recognizing and combating gender stereotypes and prejudices—their own and others—and, as a consequence, teachers often model, expect, reinforce, and lay the foundation for gender differentiation among their pupils. Thus, most schools create and maintain—rather than counteract—traditional gender stereotypes, biases, and differences.14 However, educators who adopt a commitment to gender egalitarianism and thus promote cross-gender interaction, expose pupils to counter-stereotypic models, and discuss and teach challenges to gender stereotyping and harassment optimize their pupils’ developmental outcomes. Implications for Parent, Services, and Policy Educational policy makers should resist the creation of gender segregated educational contexts (e.g., single-sex schools) and instead seek to enhance co-educational schools’ promotion of gender egalitarian attitudes and behaviour.15 Teachers need training to recognize their own explicit and implicit biases and how these biases affect their classroom behaviours. Additionally, teachers should receive explicit training in confronting children’s biases, so that they reduce peer policing of gender normativity.16 Parents should seek educational settings for their students that are gender integrated and that make use of curricula that directly teach about, and challenge, gender bias and inequality.17 References
How does gender affect learning in the classroom?In subjects like language arts and art, girls receive more teacher interaction than boys because these subjects are considered "feminine." In high schools and colleges, male students are still more likely to enroll in courses like advanced mathematics, science, and engineering than female students, which affects the ...
How did the education of girls compared with the education of boys?While the boys require more attention from the teachers and their peers, girls are more self-conscious, requiring less attention. The more attention that boys get from their teachers causes them to get a better education than girls because girls are more at unease with themselves.
How can gender affects the academic performance of the learner?Studies conducted across the world among the students studying in different levels found a significant gender difference in academic performance. Several studies have reported that female students outperform their male counterparts (Orabi, 2007; Dayioglu & Turut, 2007; Khwaileh & Zaza, 2010).
Why does gender matter in education?Evidence shows that educators need to have gender awareness to be open to girls' and boys' choices in learning and development, help children explore who they are, and make connections to people around them, as well as gain self-confidence, well-being, peer acceptance, and social support.
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