Which of the following led psychologists to challenge the structuralism perspective Quizlet
|
The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on Show natural selection. free will Ricardo is a victim of domestic abuse. His therapist, Dr. Shania Johnson, tries to build his confidence and help him regain his trust in people. She wants Ricardo to realize his potential and to not let his past define him. She believes that Ricardo is already on the path to recovery because he sought help of his own free will. Dr. Shania Johnson is most likely a supporter of the ________ perspective in the field of psychology. prescriptive humanistic Which of the following statements describes the basic idea of Gestalt psychology? It emphasizes the process of introspection. It emphasizes the organization of perception. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the difference between PhD and the PsyD degrees? A PhD requires more years of study than a PsyD. A PhD requires a dissertation based on an original investigation In the context of the proportion of psychologists in the United States, which of the following is a true statement? The numbers of minority individuals entering the field of
psychology have significantly reduced in the last decade. Women outnumber men in the field of psychology in the United States. Which of the following is a trend in the near future of psychology? The branches of psychology are likely to be increasingly influenced by neuroscientific approaches. The branches of psychology are likely to be increasingly influenced by neuroscientific approaches. Which of the following is an argument presented by psychologists adhering to the behavioral perspective of psychology? They contend that the only legitimate source of information for psychologists is behavior that can be observed directly. They contend that the only legitimate source of information for psychologists is behavior that can be observed directly. Why is the term experimental psychologist considered somewhat misleading? Experimental methods are only appropriate to the study of the biological bases of behavior. Psychologists in every subfield use the experimental method. Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment—"people, places, and things"—on her use of her drug of choice. Her program reflects the ________ perspective in psychology. behavioral behavioral Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior. Dr. Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think about and understand the world. Which option below CORRECTLY identifies their respective perspectives? Dr. Greenway—cognitive perspective; Dr. Cech—behavioral perspective Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—cognitive perspective Which of the following statements is TRUE of the structuralist perspective of psychology? The structuralist perspective was supplanted by other views. The structuralist perspective was supplanted by other views. Assuming Dr. Hart is a clinical neuropsychologist, in which of the following is she likely to be involved? Studying violent dreams to
understand the role of unconscious forces affecting an individual's behavior Investigating the relation between depressive disorders and the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain Which of the following ideas stands in contrast to the notion that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual? functionalism determinism Which of the following is true of clinical neuropsychology? It focuses primarily on educational,
social, and career adjustment problems. It builds on advances in the human understanding of the structure and chemistry of the brain. Psychology is defined as the intuition-based
approach to study human behavior. scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Fiona helps students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) develop effective study regimens and strategies. Fiona is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. counseling counseling Which of the following is true of evolutionary psychology? It suggests that significant behaviors cannot be unfolded automatically as they are wired into the human species. It considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. Which of the following movements was led by the psychologist William James? functionalism functionalism
To many people who have never taken a psychology course, psychology begins and ends with the ________ perspective. behavioral psychodynamic The field of phrenology is associated with Ebbinghaus. Gall Callie works in the field of psychology. All else being equal, the chance of her highest degree being a Master's degree is one-fifth. one-third. Psychiatrists most often use treatments involving the prescription of drugs. most often use treatments involving the prescription of drugs. The cognitive perspective is said to have evolved in part from the ________ perspective in early psychology and to represent a reaction to ________. humanist; behaviorism structuralist; behaviorism Matias, a five-year-old, has just started preschool. As a preschooler, he must get used to being away from his parents for a few hours and being around other children and adults. His parents feel that this change may be difficult for him. A psychologist studying Matias's case is likely to belong to the field of health psychology. developmental psychology. The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatment of obesity, a major public health problem in the area. Dr. Nolan is researching the potential of a drug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus. Dr. Osterman attempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating. Which of the following statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists? Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist. Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist Dr. Quinones studies the achievement motivation of junior high school students. He asserts that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have experienced. This statement is most directly related to the ________ issue; Dr. Quinones' position is toward the ________ end of the continuum. observable behavior vs. internal mental processes; internal mental processes nature vs. nurture; nurture ________ believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become. Descartes Locke Dr. Reynolds believes that depression reflects aspects of a patient's early relationship with her parents of which she may be completely unaware. Dr. Smith, by contrast, argues that depression stems from a patient's negative self-talk. The two psychologists appear to disagree on the ________ issue. nature vs. nurture conscious vs. unconscious causes Dr. Alvarez is currently studying how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain leads to Lewy body disease. Dr. Alvarez's work is most likely to be a part of the ________ subfield of psychology. industrial-organizational behavioral neuroscience As a minority, Rwanda works as a clinical psychologist in Atlanta, Georgia. Given the current situation in her field of psychology in the United States, which of the following scenarios is likely to hold true for Rwanda? Rwanda is among the 50 percent of all professionally active psychologists belonging to racial minority groups. Rwanda is likely to get more female patients belonging to the same ethnic group or race as hers. Race is to ethnicity as ________ is to ________. culture; biology biology; culture One of the arguments presented in Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species is that people's environment has little effect on the traits they exhibit. natural selection leads to the development of traits that enable a species to adapt to its environment. Donna-Lynn is preparing a visual display of psychology's early history. One panel is headed "The Gay '90s." It portrays developments in the 1890s. Another panel is titled "The Roaring '20s." It is devoted to the 1920s. Which theoretical perspectives in psychology should appear in each of these panels? Gay '90s: Gestalt psychology; Roaring '20s:
structuralism Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: Gestalt psychology Assuming Dr. Hart is a clinical neuropsychologist, in which of the following is she likely to be involved? Studying violent dreams to understand the role of
unconscious forces affecting an individual's behavior Investigating the relation between depressive disorders and the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain A time travel mishap lands you at one of the first psychology conferences ever held, sometime at the dawn of the 20th century. The graying older scientists slowly losing their grip on the field are most likely ________, whereas the passionate young up-and-comers are probably ________. functionalists; developmentalists structuralists; functionalists Which of the following is true of social psychologists? They are also called developmental psychologists. They concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity. Which of the following ideas stands in contrast to the notion that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual? structuralism determinism Noreen asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control. This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ perspective in psychology. humanistic psychodynamic Which of the following arguments is likely to be made by a proponent of the humanistic perspective of psychology? It is possible to gain a complete understanding of behavior by studying the environment in which an individual operates. People make intentional choices and those who display so-called abnormal behavior should be considered responsible for their actions. Which of the following is true of the cognitive perspective of psychology? It was championed by B. F. Skinner. It has evolved in part from structuralism and in part as a reaction to behaviorism. The neuroscience perspective suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior. considers how people and nonhumans function biologically. In what way, if any, do evolutionary psychologists go beyond Darwin's arguments? They suggest that culture influences the nature of behavioral and mental processes. They argue that our genetic inheritance determines aspects of our personality and social behavior. Which of the following statements is true of the diverse subfields of psychology? They are not related
at all other than being considered a part of psychology. Though they are individually separate and distinct, they all share a common goal of understanding behavior. Which of the following branches of psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another? evolutionary psychology personality psychology Which of the following subfields of psychology matches with its description? Industrial/organizational
psychology is a subfield of psychology that focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. Clinical neuropsychology is a subfield of psychology that focuses on the biological origin of psychological disorders. Identify a true statement about functionalism. It was first suggested by William Wundt in 1879. It focused on the role behavior plays in allowing people to adapt to their environments. Which of the following is an argument that proponents of the psychodynamic perspective are likely to present? Every behavior ultimately can be broken down into its biological components. Behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which an individual has little awareness or control. Lukas is unhappy with the way he is being treated at work. He plans to quit as he believes his boss is undermining his efforts. His colleague, Marie, encourages him to examine his assumptions, evaluate the situation, and think more carefully about his decisions. In this scenario, which of the following approach is Marie encouraging Lukas to employ to make an informed decision? determinism critical thinking
Which of the following statements concerning the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among American psychologists is TRUE? The increase in the number of degrees awarded to minority members has outpaced the growth of the minority population. The number of minority members entering the field is higher than it was 10 years ago. Which of the following psychologists is associated with the psychodynamic perspective? William James Sigmund Freud Lassandra takes a sip of cola. "Sweet...cold, wet, tingly...slightly bitter," she reports. Lassandra is defining umami. introspecting. Arata loses his wife in a car accident. He is unable to cope with the grief; as a result, he loses his appetite, is unable to sleep, cannot focus at work, and avoids his friends and family. His family together decides that he needs help. Arata's family is likely to refer him to a(n) clinical psychologist. clinical psychologist. During a discussion on the psychological aspects of suicide bombers, Dr. Gerami asserts the role of strong authority figures in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers. However, Dr. Islington proposes the role of internal traits in suicide bombing. Which of the following BEST identifies the subfields in which each of them specializes? Dr. Gerami: cross-cultural psychology; Dr. Islington: personality psychology Dr. Gerami: social psychology; Dr. Islington: personality psychology Which of the following is a contribution of Wilhelm Wundt to the field of psychology? He pioneered the approach of structuralism. He pioneered the approach of structuralism. The most common employment sector for students graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology is education. social services. Which of the following is true of cognitive psychology? It includes subfields such as developmental and personality psychology. It is a subspecialty of experimental psychology. When Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental laboratory devoted to psychological phenomena in 1879, his goal was to study the structures of the mind and their relationship to conscious experience. study the structures of the mind and their relationship to conscious experience. Rob is a 16-year-old American student; Yoon-Sook is a 16-year-old Asian student. Rob and Yoon-Sook, respectively, are likely to attribute academic success to ________ and ________. effort; situational factors unchanging causes; situational factors The 150th anniversary of a historic event will be commemorated at the American Psychological Association in the year 2029. Which of the following events is being commemorated? Charles
Darwin's publication of the On the Origin of Species, 1859 Wundt's operation of the first psychology laboratory, 1879 Which of the following figures best approximates the number of major perspectives in psychology? one
or two about five Pablo is taking part in a psychology experiment. He watches two political campaign ads—one highlighting the candidate's positive attributes and another emphasizing the opponent's negative features. During each ad, Pablo's brain is scanned. This experiment is most likely conducted by a ________ neuroscientist. clinical social Driving to work one day, Owen suspects that drivers talking on their cell phones pay less attention to the road than do other drivers. This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a ________ psychologist. psychodynamic cognitive Psychology majors are highly valued by employers in business, industry, and the government because psychology majors provide counseling to their coworkers as and when required. can synthesize and evaluate information well. Which of the following statements describes the behavioral perspective of psychology? It emphasizes that
behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which an individual has little control. It emphasizes that observable, external behavior, which can be objectively measured, should be the focus of study. The formal beginning of psychology is associated with Descartes. Wundt. ________ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. Developmental Cognitive Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol. Dr. Kurutz is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. experimental health Identify a true statement about structuralism. It focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components, states, and activities. It focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components, states, and activities. In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists use speculation. rely on the scientific method. Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Chen is a(n) ________; Dr. Doherty is a(n) ________. health psychologist; clinical psychologist developmental psychologist; personality psychologist Central State University's Department of Psychology is considering expanding its doctoral program to include an additional specialty. The department wants to focus on a "growth" area likely to attract federal research funding as well as up-and-coming new faculty and bright, passionate graduate students. Which of the following specialties should the department consider most closely? personality psychology evolutionary psychology Victor works in a university. According to his job description, he is required to help students understand what kind of jobs they are suited for, identify the best learning practices, and resolve problems with their peers. Victor works as a ________ in the university. personality psychologist counseling psychologist Emma is the sole earning member of her family. She wants to study further but is forced to give up on her dreams to support her family. Which of the following ideas explains Emma's behavior? structuralism determinism As a psychologist, Feng is interested in studying the effects of anxiety on an individual's efforts to deal with a stressful situation. Which of the following perspectives does Feng advocate? Gestalt psychology functionalism Which of the following is the focus of experimental psychology? exploring the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease studying the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world Dr. Growe is reading about a research study in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of ________ Psychology. Counseling Social Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective of psychology? Proponents of the neuroscience perspective rejected psychology's early emphasis on the internal workings of the mind. The neuroscience perspective includes the study of heredity and evolution, which considers how heredity may influence behavior. Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism psychology?The main critique of structuralism was its focus on introspection as the method by which to gain an understanding of conscious experience. Critics argue that self-analysis was not feasible, since introspective students cannot appreciate the processes or mechanisms of their own mental processes.
What caused structuralism to fail as a working psychological approach?Which statement best summarizes why structuralism failed as a working psychological approach? Introspection was not a method that could be used to study animals, children, or more complex mental disorders.
What did Wilhelm Wundt do for structuralism?Structuralism was founded by Wilhelm Wundt, who used controlled methods, such as introspection, to break down consciousness to its basic elements without sacrificing any of the properties of the whole. Structuralism was further developed by Wundt's student, Edward B. Titchener.
Which of the following psychologists is associated with the psychodynamic perspective?The psychodynamic perspective originated with the work of Sigmund Freud. This view of psychology and human behavior emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships to explain human behavior, as well as to treat mental illnesses.
|
