Which of the following answers why research is called systematic study or investigation?
Please help to answer these questions 1. Which of the following data-collection methods is most likely to minimize pressure on participants to provide socially acceptable responses to questions? a. Projective techniques b. Self-report questionnaires c. Qualitative interviews d. Focus groups 2. To determine how frequently nurses record a diagnosis, a sample of 1000 charts is randomly selected from all the patients’ charts during the previous year. What kind of sampling method is this? a. Simple random b. Stratified random c. Cluster d. Systematic random e. Convenience f. Quota g. Purposive h. Snowball k. Theoretic 3. When collecting data in a qualitative interview, it is preferable to avoid agreeing with a participant statement to encourage their participation a. True b. False 4. Internal consistency (typically measured by Cronbach's alpha) is used to assess: a. Reliability b. Validity c. Probability samples d. Non-probability samples 5. A particularly notable challenge for quantitative observational studies is: a. Identifying an appropriate sample b. Confirming finding after the fact c. Operationalizing an observable variable d. None of the above 6. A qualitative research study exploring attitudes towards IV drug users among nurses asks each participant to write short essays in response to a series of pre-written questions. What term best describes this approach? a. Structured interview b. Semi-structured interview c. Unstructured interview d. Focus group interview 7. In qualitative research, data analysis is often begun before the study has been completed a. True b. False 8. Qualitative research can integrate historical information and media relevant to the topic being explored a. True b. False 9. Participants are often recruited into qualitative studies using: a. Purposive samples b. Snowball samples c. Convenience samples d. All of the above Show
Presentation on theme: "What research is Noun: The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Verb:"— Presentation transcript:
1 What research is Noun: The systematic investigation into and study of materials
and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Verb: Investigate systematically.Synonyms:noun. investigation - exploration - search - study - inquiry verb. explore - investigate - search - study - inquire 2 Con… Creswell
states: "Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question
3 Con… The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research as: 4 Con… Research is the
investigation of a particular topic using a variety of reliable, scholarly resources. The three major goals of research are establishing facts, analyzing information, and reaching new conclusions. The three main acts of doing research are searching for, reviewing, and evaluating information. 5 Con… Learning
what research is not may help you fully grasp the concept. Randomly selecting books from the library is not research, nor is surfing the Internet. On the contrary, research requires organization, resourcefulness, reflection, synthesis, and above all, time. 6 Con… Research is a process of investigation. An examination of a subject from
different points of view. It’s not just a trip to the library to pick up a stack of materials, or picking the first five hits from a computer search. Research is a hunt for the truth. It is getting to know a subject by reading up on it, reflecting, playing with the ideas, choosing the areas that interest you and following up on them. Research is the way you educate yourself
7 Purpose of research There are two basic purposes for research: to learn something, or to gather evidence. The first, to learn something, is for your own benefit. It is almost impossible for a human to stop learning. THREE PURPOSES OF RESEARCH Exploration Description
Explanation 8 Con… Exploration: gaining some familiarity with a topic, discovering some of its main dimensions, and possibly planning further, more structured research Description: as in the Census Bureau's report on how many Americans there
are, a political poll predicting who will win an election, or an anthropologist's ethnographic account of a preliterate tribe. 9 Con… Explanation: In addition to knowing which candidates voters favor, we may go the next step to ask why? What kinds of voters--men or women, young or old--prefer which candidates and why? 10 Characteristics of Research 11 Con… Research is Reductive:
12 Con… Research is replicable: 13 Con… 13 characteristics are: 14 Types of research Action research is a methodology that combines action and research to examine specific questions, issues or phenomena through observation and reflection, and deliberate intervention to improve
practice. Applied research is research undertaken to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge sake. Basic research is experimental and theoretical work undertaken to acquire new knowledge without looking for long-term benefits other than the advancement of knowledge.
15 Con… Clinical trials are research studies undertaken to determine better ways to prevent, screen
for, diagnose or treat diseases. Epidemiological research is concerned with the description of health and welfare in populations through the collection of data related to health and the frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in populations, with the aim of improving health. Evaluation research is research conducted to measure the effectiveness or performance of a program, concept or campaign in achieving its objectives.
16 Con… Qualitative research is research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies. Quantitative research is research concerned with the
measurement of attitudes, behaviours and perceptions and includes interviewing methods such as telephone, intercept and door-to-door interviews as well as self-completion methods such as mail outs and online surveys. 17 Con… Service or program monitoring and evaluation involves collecting and analysing a range of processes and
outcome data in order to assess the performance of a service or program and to determine if the intended or expected results have been achieved. Literature review is a critical examination, summarisation, interpretation or evaluation of existing literature in order to establish current knowledge on a subject.
18 Research Process The Six Steps of the Research Process What is research as systematic investigation?Research means a systematic investigation designed to develop or establish principles, facts generalizable knowledge, or any combination of them, and includes the development, testing and evaluation of research. (PHIA section 52(c)).
Which of the following is a systematic investigation into a study and the study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusion?The Oxford English Dictionary defines research as “The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions”.
Which of the following refers to a systematic investigation for information and answer?Research is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing, and/or evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.
Who defines research as a systematic investigation?The federal regulations (45 CFR 46.102) define research as “a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.”
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