What are two negative effects of primate cities on a country economic development?
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International Review of Modern Sociology Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring 1982) , pp. 135-149 (15 pages) Published By: International Journals https://www.jstor.org/stable/41420813 Abstract The question of whether the largest city of a region tends to outstrip, or to be outstripped by, the growth of other urban areas as socioeconomic development proceeds is one that has interested government planners, urban geographers and students of the development process in more and less developed countries alike. It is one that has also received different and sometimes conflicting answers in the social science literature (e.g., from Surinder Mehta, 1964; Salah El-Shakhs, 1972), This paper presents two tests that reexamine this question: one, a cross-sectional study of 92 nations; and the second, a longitudinal analysis of the same nations. The results of both tests suggest that none of the earlier models accounting for the relationship between urban primacy and development is totally appropriate, especially for less developed countries.Recommendations for further research are made. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Presentation on theme: "FRQ ► Part A: primate city is the largest city in a country AND is more than twice the size of the next largest. ► Rank-size rule: The nth largest settlement."— Presentation transcript: 1 FRQ ► Part A: primate city is the largest
city in a country AND is more than twice the size of the next largest. ► Rank-size rule: The nth largest settlement is 1/n of the largest. The third largest settlement is 1/3 of the largest. ► Mexico City is a primate city and does not follow the rank-size rule. ► Total: 3 points 2 Two positive effects of
primate cities on economic development. (2points) ► ► Advantages of agglomeration of economic activity. ► ► Large market for goods and services. ► ► Ability to offer high-end goods and services (including education) because of larger threshold ► ► population. ► ► Advantages of enhanced flow of information and ideas in large population. ► ► Advantages of centralized transportation and communication network. ► ► Global trade opportunities; primate cities can compete on a global scale and attract
foreign investment. 3 Two negative effects of primate cities on economic development. (2points) ► ► Unequal distribution of investments deters national economic development. ► ► Unequal economic and/or resource development. ► ► Unequal distribution of wealth and/or power. ► ► Transportation network (hub and
spoke) prevents equal accessibility to all regions. ► ► Impact of centrifugal forces and difficulties of political cohesion on economic development. ► ► Brain drain — migration and unequal distribution of education, entrepreneurship, opportunities. ► ► Negative externalities, e.g., unsustainable urbangrowth/slums/environmental impacts if these arerelated to economic development, e.g., burden on national economy to cope with problems.
4 City Models ► For US cities the city models deal with socioeconomic status – aka class. ► Upper class, middle class, lower class 5 Concentric
Zone – Burgess Model 6 Bid Rent Theory 7 Burgess Model con’t. ► CBD is the center ► Everything is in relation to the CBD ► Based on Chicago in the early 1900’s ► Problem: many upper class/wealthy individuals
are moving closer to the CBD in neighborhoods: ex. – Gold Coast, Lincoln Park 8 Sector Model – Homer Hoyt 9 Sector con’t. ► CBD is still the focal point of this model ► Zones extend along transportation
routes ► Also based on Chicago ► This model describes Chicago much better than Burgess – specifically industrial sectors and high class residential 10 Multiple Nuclei – Harris and Ullman 11
Multiple Nuclei con’t. ► Suggest urban growth is independent of the CBD ► Airports and universities support the multiple nuclei model. How? 12 Maps of Indianapolis ► The following maps of
Indianapolis reflect different data and all show a different spatial pattern that represents one of the previous models. Try to identify the model. 13 13-10 14 13-8
15 13-9 16 Latin American City Model 17 Latin American model con’t ► Wealthiest push out in an elite sector in a narrow spine with amenities for the rich ► Squatter settlements are on the periphery 18 European Cities ►
Most of the wealthy live close to the CBD – different from most American cities. ► As a result most live in small houses, townhouse, and condos. ► Where do most Europeans go for open space? ► Most cities were built before cars 19 Vondel Park, Amsterdam
20 Prague, Czech Republic 21 Copenhagen, Denmark What are two positive effects of primate cities on a country's economic development?Advantages of enhanced flow of information and ideas in large population. Advantages of centralized transportation and communication network. Global trade opportunities; primate cities can compete on a global scale and attract foreign investment.
What is the problem with primate cities?The presence of a primate city in a country may indicate an imbalance in development—usually a progressive core and a lagging periphery—on which the city depends for labor and other resources.
What is the common impact of urbanization regardless of a country's level of economic development?What is a common impact of urbanization regardless of a country's level of economic development? A. Urbanization means a loss of agricultural production due to the loss of farmland and farmworkers.
Why are primate cities important in their countries?Primate cities, because of their sheer size and the economic activities concentrated in them, serve as magnets to migrants from rural areas and smaller cities or towns. Many are attracted by the promise of better economic opportunities and lives in the primate cities.
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