Which statement best describes the trade relationship between the US and Ghana Quizlet
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Base your answer to question 18 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . The Mongols made no technological breakthroughs, founded no new religions, wrote few books or dramas, and gave the world no new crops or methods of agriculture. Their own craftsmen could not weave cloth, cast metal, make pottery, or even bake bread. They manufactured neither porcelain nor pottery, painted no pictures,
and built no buildings. Yet, as their army conquered culture after culture, they collected and passed all of these skills from one civilization to the next. . . . — Jack Weatherford Document 2 . . . For several centuries, these contacts [between North Africa and the interior] were limited by the nature of the Sahara itself. More than 3 million square miles in area, the Sahara is the world's largest desert. Because temperatures during the day can reach as high as 120 degrees Fahrenheit and supplies of water are scant, the 40-day journey across the desert required courage, determination, and careful planning. Travelers who became separated from their companions were seldom seen again. The trans-Sahara trek became somewhat easier after the 4th century A.D., when camels were introduced in place of horses; camels are able to travel long distances without water, and their wider hooves make it easier for them to move through sand. However, intensive contact between North Africa and the interior did not begin until the 7th century, when a revolutionary change took place in the political and religious life of the region. By this time, the old empires of the Mediterranean and the Middle East were in decline or in ruins. In their place was a powerful new force—Islam. . . . Source: Philip Koslow, Ancient Ghana: The Land of Gold, Chelsea House Publishers 2a What is one reason travel across the Sahara Desert was difficult, according to Philip Koslow? b What change was adopted after the 4th century to make travel easier, according to Philip Koslow? (#38) Base your answer to question 38 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . Traditionally, [African] farmers cleared land, grew crops for a few harvests, then let the fields lie fallow for 10 or 15 years to rejuvenate as they moved on to clear more land, the study reports. But as they try to feed a rapidly growing population, the farmers instead grow crop after crop, sapping the soil's fertility. "Nothing grows, so the topsoil is blown away by the wind and washed away by the rains," said Amit H. Roy, president of the International Fertilizer Development Center, a nonprofit agricultural aid organization, which produced the study. "It goes into the river system, silting them, and out to the oceans.". . . — Celia Dugger, "Overfarming African Land is Worsening Hunger Crisis" 38 Which problem in sub-Saharan Africa is being described in this passage? (1) global warming (3) urbanization (2) acid rain (4) desertification Document 1 . . . Merchants were carriers of Islam rather than agents of Islamization. They opened routes and exposed isolated societies to external influences, but they were not themselves engaged in the propagation [spread] of Islam, which was the work of religious leaders. The leaders became integrated into African societies by playing religious, social, and political roles similar to those of traditional priests. Like traditional priests, Muslim men of religion were peacemakers, who pleaded for those who broke the king's laws. Mosques, like traditional shrines, were considered sanctuaries. Immunity of life and property was extended to men of religion only as long as they kept out of politics and posed no threat to the existing sociopolitical order. . . . Source: John L. Esposito, ed., The Oxford History of Islam, Oxford University Press 1 According to The Oxford History of Islam, what is one way Islam was spread to African societies? Document 2 . . . Wherever they went, the Moslems brought with them their love of art, beauty, and learning. From about the eighth to the eleventh century, their culture was superior in many ways to that of western Christendom. Some of the finest centers of Moslem life were established in Spain. In Cordova, the streets were solidly paved, while at the same time in Paris people waded ankle-deep in mud after a rain. Cordovan public lamps lighted roads for as far as ten miles; yet seven hundred years later there was still not a single public lamp in London! Some Spanish Moslems had homes with marble balconies and courts with lovely waterfalls. Bedrooms were vaulted with stained glass and speckled with gold. And metal pipes carried water into marble baths. Nearly every mosque had a public school in which the children of the poor were taught. Many Moslem libraries were excellent; the catalogue of one caliph's library filled forty volumes. In addition, the followers of Mohammed achieved much in science, particularly in chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. . . . Source: Daniel Roselle, A World History: A Cultural Approach, Ginn and Company (adapted) 2 According to Daniel Roselle, what are two ways Islam improved the lives of people in Spain? [2] (1)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ (2)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Document 4 . . . At the request of [Prince] Ixtlilxochitl, Cortes and his men ate the gifts of food that had been brought out from Tezcoco. Then they walked to the city with their new friends, and all the people came out to cheer and welcome them. The Indians knelt down and adored them as sons of the Sun, their gods, believing that the time had come of which their dear king Nezahualpilli had so often spoken. The Spaniards entered the city and were lodged in the royal palace. . . . Cortes was very grateful for the attentions shown him by Ixtlilxochitl and his brothers; he [Cortes] wished to repay their kindness by teaching them the law of God, with the help of his interpreter Aguilar. The brothers and a number of the other lords gathered to hear him, and he told them that the emperor of the Christians had sent him here, so far away, in order that he might instruct them in the law of Christ. He explained the mystery of the Creation and the Fall, the mystery of the Trinity and the Incarnation and the mystery of the Passion and the Resurrection. Then he drew out a crucifix and held it up. The Christians all knelt, and Ixtlilxochitl and the other lords knelt with them. Cortes also explained the mystery of Baptism. He concluded the lesson by telling them how the Emperor Charles grieved that they were not in God's grace, and how the emperor had sent him among them only to save their souls. He begged them to become willing vassals of the emperor, because that was the will of the pope, in whose name he spoke. . . . Source: Miguel Leon-Portilla, ed., The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico, Beacon Press (adapted) 4 According to this excerpt from The Broken Spears, how was Christianity spread in Mexico? [1] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Document 1 ...In the period from 1180-1220, Mongolia experienced a drop in the mean annual temperature, which meant that the growing season for grass was cut short. Less grass meant a real danger to the Mongols' animals, and, since the animals were truly the basis of the Mongols' pastoral-nomadic life, this ecological threat may have prompted them to move out of Mongolia. A second reason often mentioned is the attempt by Mongolia's neighbors in north and northwest China to reduce the amount of trade with the Mongols. Since the Mongols depended on trade for goods that they desperately needed—such as grain, craft, and manufactured articles—cessation [halting] of trade, or at least the diminution [reduction] of trade, could have been catastrophic for them. The attempts by the Jin dynasty, which controlled North China, and the Xia dynasty, which controlled Northwest China, to reduce the level of trade that the Mongols could expect, created a crisis for the Mongols. Unable to obtain goods that they so desperately needed, the Mongols' response was to initiate raids, attacks, and finally invasions against these two dynasties.... Source: "The Mongols in World History," Asian Topics in World History online, Columbia University (adapted) 1 According to this excerpt from "The Mongols in World History," what are two reasons the Mongols began conquering new lands? [2] (1)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ (2)__________________________________________________________________________________ Document 3 A common misconception is that the semiliterate Mongols came out of the steppes of Mongolia, quickly conquered far more advanced civilizations, and left the government in each area in the hands of the conquered. While Chinese bureaucrats still did their jobs and the local Persian rulers stayed in power as long as they did not cause the Mongols any trouble, the situation was much more complex.... The Mongols used qualified people wherever they were needed. It was not unusual to have Arabs serving in Russia or Persians in China. Still, the Mongols preferred not to tinker too much with systems that worked well. When Yelu Qucai (1189-1243), the great minister and governor of northern China, demonstrated how much wealth the region could produce for Ögödei Khan, the Mongols kept his system in place.... In smaller provincial territories, many local rulers maintained their position, serving as the local daruqachi or shahna [governor]. As long as they paid tribute, provided troops when called upon, came before the khan to pledge their loyalty, and kept good order in their territories, they remained in their positions. For the Mongols, it made good sense, as the local rulers knew the customs of their people.... Source: Timothy May, "Taking Control," Calliope, A Cobblestone Publication 3 According to Timothy May, what was one action taken by the Mongols to control the territory they conquered? [1] _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Document 1a The mountains, windy plateaus and deserts of Peru are very difficult cult to farm. Over thousands of years, humans struggled to tame
these harsh landscapes. They brought water to dry areas, dug terraced fields out of steep slopes and improved wild plants such as the potato until they became useful food crops. In Inca times, two-thirds of the farmers' produce was set aside for the emperor and the priests, so there was little personal reward for the people who did the hard work. . . . 1 Based on these documents, what is one action the Incas took to grow food? [1] Document 2 . . . The storage system was the linchpin [key connection] between production and consumption for the Andean peoples, not just the Incas but also local societies. Just to give you an idea of the scale involved, at least according to some reports, the Incas in Cuzco [the Inca capital] received all of their food either every four days or on a daily basis from the state storehouses. Around 20,000 to 50,000 people were regularly supplied. . . . Source: Interview with Terence D'Altroy, edited by Peter Tyson, "Rise of the Inca," NOVA, PBS online, May 17, 2007 2 According to Terence D'Altroy, what is one benefit of the Incas' food storage system? Document 3 . . . In addition to possessing ingenious [resourceful] farming systems and outstanding public works, the Incas and their forebears [ancestors] had remarkable ways to preserve food. One technique was to freeze-dry root crops. In the Andean uplands, the nights are so cold and the days are so dry that tubers [root crops] left out in the open for a few nights and days become freeze-dried. Usually, the people help the process along by covering the tubers at night to keep off dew and by trampling on the tubers during the day to squeeze out the water released by the previous night's freezing. The resulting product, made mostly from potatoes and known as chuño, was vital to the Incas' ability to carry out their conquests and maintain command of the empire. For instance, it enabled the millions of inhabitants to withstand natural disasters, it supplied passing armies, and it was a long-term insurance against crop failure (a constant threat in this frost-prone region). The Incas planned so well that conquistador Hernando de Soto was moved to say: "There was never hunger known in their realm." The conquistadores quickly recognized chuño's virtues. Indeed, some Spaniards made fortunes shipping chuño by llama train to the barren heights of Potosí (in today's Bolivia), where it was the main food for slaves working in the silver mines. . . . Source: National Research Council, Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation, National Academy Press 3a Based on this document, what is one action taken by the Incas to preserve food? [1] Based on this document, what is one reason potato products allowed the Incas to maintain control of their empire? [1] Document 2 Source: Brian M. Fagan, Kingdoms of Gold, Kingdoms of Jade: The Americas
Before Columbus, Thames and Hudson 2 According to Brian M. Fagan, what were two ways the Incas used roads to unify their empire? [2] (1)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ (2)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ... Other sets by this creator |
