Which health conditions are associated with lead poisoning in a preschooler Quizlet

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Many worry about lead in their homes or in the environment, but for some, the workplace may offer the greatest potential for exposure. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) you'll find information about workplace lead and what workers and employers can do to lower exposure.

FYI: As we know, lead is a toxic metal that is also used in burning fossil fuels. It can be combined with other metals to produce alloys. Lead and lead alloys are often used to make batteries, ammunition, and other metal products. Years ago, lead was also used regularly in paint, ceramics, caulk, and pipe solder among other things. Because of its potential health problems, the amount of lead used in these products today has lessened or has been removed. Though used less often, lead is still common in many industries, including construction, mining, and manufacturing. In each of these industries, workers are at risk of being exposed to lead, by breathing it in, ingesting it, or coming in contact with it.

Whole lot of of jobs that brining lead home concern

The I PREPARE environmental exposure history mnemonic is a quick reference tool created for primary care providers to assess lead exposure risk.

The I PREPARE environmental exposure history mnemonic is a quick reference tool created for primary care providers. Health care providers (N = 159) were asked to evaluate a prototype mnemonic, to suggest new health history questions, and to propose the deletion of less relevant questions. The goal of this evaluation was to create a practical and clinically relevant mnemonic, rather than to obtain quantitative estimates of validity. The final I PREPARE mnemonic cues the provider to "Investigate potential exposures;" ask questions related to "Present work," "Residence," "Environmental concerns," "Past work," and "Activities;" provide "Referrals and resources;" and "Educate" the patient by reviewing a checklist of strategies to prevent or minimize exposures. The sequence of I PREPARE makes intuitive sense by cueing the provider to ask specific questions and provide educational materials to the patient. National improvements in the quality of environmental exposure history data are predicated in part on the creation of simple and convenient tools for use in clinical practice.

Full Article: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/216507990505300108

Lead stays in bones
When pregnant, can leach out
Even if exposed long time ago, that can put baby at risk if its stored in body
If yes to any of these questions = concern
In chciago , every child is checked bc Chicago is high risk city

At high levels of exposure, lead attacks the brain and central nervous system to cause coma, convulsions and even death. Children who survive severe lead poisoning may be left with mental retardation and behavioral disorders. Even low-level lead exposures in developing babies have been found to affect behavior and intelligence (WHO, 2020)

Exposure to high levels of lead may also cause anemia, weakness, and kidney and brain damage. ... Lead exposure can cause miscarriage, stillbirths, and infertility (in both men and women). Generally, lead affects children more than it does adults. Mainly because children tend to show signs of severe lead toxicity at lower levels than adults and it's effects on the neurologic system of the developing child (CDC, n.d.)

In kids, most damaged organ is CNS
Low IQ
To ataxia
Looks like autistic disorder
Decrsae in growth, worried

Audlts
-Not as much compared to child
-But reductions in CNSvague body aches, reproductive issues
-Lead colic
-Kidney disease as well
-Brain and lower functions and ehad aches and irritiablity depression
-
-
-Can lok like other things

An exposure pathway refers to the way a person can encounter a hazardous substance. There are three basic exposure pathways: inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact. The degree or extent of exposure is determined by measuring the amount of the hazardous substance (lead in this case) at the point of contact. (ATSRD/CDC, n.d.)

Again, an exposure pathway must, by definition, have five components: (1) a source of contamination (such as deteriorating lead-based paint on the walls, doors and windows of a home; used car batteries; open burning of waste); (2) an environmental medium and transport mechanism (such as lead contaminated dust on the floor of a home, lead smoke from open burning, or lead exhaust from leaded gasoline); (3) a point of exposure (such as children's hands, the floor, or children's toys); (4) a route of exposure (such as eating the dust through hand-to-mouth behavior); and (5) an exposed population (such as children in the home environment or pregnant women in polluted environments or workplaces). When all five components are present, the exposure pathway is termed a complete exposure pathway (CDC. n.d.).

Need 5 components to have true exposure

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to assess the long-term impact of childhood lead exposure on the neurosubstrate of language function and brain organization.

METHODS. Young adults from the Cincinnati Lead Study were recruited to undergo functional magnetic resonance image scanning while performing a verb generation task. These subjects have been followed from birth through early childhood with extensive documentation of lead exposure, neuropsychology, and behavior. Forty-two subjects provided useful imaging data. The locale, strength, and the correlation between brain language activation and childhood blood lead concentration were studied.

RESULTS. After adjusting for potential confounders, the activation in left frontal cortex, adjacent to Broca's area, and left middle temporal gyrus, including Wernicke's area, were found to be significantly associated with diminished activation in subjects with higher mean childhood blood lead levels, whereas the compensatory activation in the right hemisphere homolog of Wernicke's area was enhanced in subjects with higher blood lead levels.

CONCLUSION. This study indicates that childhood lead exposure has a significant and persistent impact on brain reorganization associated with language function.

Link to the full article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16950987/

The BLLs associated with encephalopathy in children vary from study to study, but BLLs of 70-80 µg/dL or greater appear to indicate a serious risk. Even without encephalopathy symptoms, these levels are associated with increased incidences of lasting neurological and behavioral damage
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4961898/ (link to the full article)
Of all the heavy metal poisonings, lead poisoning appears to be rather prominent. The use of lead has been evidenced from ancient times and its toxicity reports are well documented. Due to its important physico-chemical properties, it has been used all over the world. With the onset on industrialization from the seventeenth century onwards, its use increased manifold, leading to increased toxicity in humans. Children are at a higher risk, particularly at sites where lead related occupations are nearby their playing grounds. Workers who are occupationally exposed to lead are also at increased risk of lead poisoning. Children of parents who are occupationally exposed to lead should be frequently checked for lead levels in their blood to avoid lead related risks. Lead toxicity is evident from the literature and there is almost no function in the body which is not affected by lead. Lead toxicity disrupts the functions of the digestive system, nervous system, respiratory system, reproductive system, etc. In addition, lead prevents enzymes from performing their normal activities. Lead even disrupts the normal DNA transcription process and causes disability in bones. Lead as such has no physiological role in the body and even smaller levels of lead can cause toxicity. The good news is however that it can be reversed, and the levels of lead can be reduced from the body by a number of techniques used nowadays. The prominent ones among them are chelation therapy, nano-encapsulation, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A number of antioxidants also help in the removal of lead from the body. Though there are several methods of treatment available nowadays, it is certainly better to prevent direct exposure to toxins and thus preclude future consequences. It is also recommended that parents should educate their children about how to prevent accidental lead poisoning. The treatment strategies are not equally effective for everybody due to the differences ranging from genetic factors to environment and diet.

Intervene 5 or higher = education
Can die from this, higher side, very signifcant

Which of the following is the most common cause of lead poisoning in children?

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