Which of the following refers to a research that is based on valid procedures and principles?

1. Empirical - based on observations and experimentation
2. Systematic - follows orderly and sequential procedure.
3. Controlled - all variables except those that are tested/experimented upon are kept constant.
4. Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process
5. Analytical - There is critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in their interpretation
6. Objective, Unbiased, & Logical - all findings are logically based on empirical.
7. Employs quantitative or statistical methods - data are transformed into numerical measures and are treated statistically.

See Also[edit | edit source]

• Thinking Scientifically
• Writing discipline specific research papers
• Wikipedia: Research
• Wikibooks: Research Methods

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

• Feigenbaum, Edward A.; McCorduck, Pamela [1983]. The fifth generation: Artificial intelligence and Japan's computer challenge to the world. ISBN 978-0-201-11519-2.
• Kendal, Simon; Creen, Malcolm [2006-10-04]. An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering. ISBN 978-1-84628-475-5.
• Russell, Stuart Jonathan; Norvig, Peter [1995]. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. ISBN 0-13-103805-2.

Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.2.Logical.Research is based on valid procedures and principles.3.Cyclical.Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.4.Analytical.Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive,and experimental and case study.5.Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.6.Methodical.Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method andprocedures.7.Replicability.The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arriveat valid and conclusive resultsEthics in ResearchEthicsgenerally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad.According to a dictionary definition [Webster‘s 1968], to be ethical is to conform to accepted professionalpractice.Ethical considerations in conducting research1. Objectivity and integrity.2. Respect of the research subjects‘ right to privacy and dignity and protection of subjects from personal harm3. Presentation of research findings.4. Misuse of research role.

6.Critical – research exhibits careful and precise judgment. A higherlevel of confidence must be established.Kinds and Classification of Research1.According to Purpose

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3.According to the Level of Investigations

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4.According to the Types of Analysis

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6.According to choiceof answers to problems

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Which of the following characteristics of a researcher refers to undertaking deep thinking and inquiry of the things and situations around him *?

Which of the following refers to the characteristic of research that is based on direct experience or actual observation of the researcher?

When a research is based on valid procedures and principles it is said to possess what characteristic?

Is a characteristic of research that utilizes proven procedures in gathering the data whether historical descriptive and experimental or case study?